4.10 Summary
    1. 1 make (and separate) appendages to absorb more nutrients
    2. 2 ...or to reach an insoluble metal for anaerobic respiration
    3. 3 expand membrane to do more photosynthesis
    4. 4 ...or make a dedicated photosynthetic compartment
    5. 5 encapsulate reactions in microcompartments for e f ficiency
    6. 6 ...or to sequester toxic intermediates
    7. 7 switch enzymes on/o f f as needed through polymerization
    8. 8 stockpile materials against future shortages

    Summary

    Concept Check Questions

    • How can cells perform anaerobic respiration without a soluble electron acceptor?

    • How does a microcompartment make a metabolic reaction more efficient?

    • What kind of macromolecule makes up a bacterial microcompartment shell?

    • What is a secondary use for enzyme filaments?

    Further Reading

    • Barry and Gitai (2011). Self-assembling enzymes and the origins of the cytoskeleton [33].

    • Hoppert and Mayer (1999). Principles of macromolecular organization and cell function in bacteria and archaea [41].

    • Kerfeld et al. (2018). Bacterial microcompartments [42].

    • Oostergetel et al. (2010). The chlorosome: A prototype for efficient light harvesting in photosynthesis [43].